Rwanda African Transitional Justice Hub

Agreement between the Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Heads of State Supporting the Peace Process in the Great Lakes

The Parties to the Sirte Agreement affirmed the security and integrity of the political borders of all states and agreed to cease hostilities to pave the way for dialogue and peaceful resolution. The Parties further agreed to deployment of neutral African peacekeeping forces in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and reaffirmed the need to...

Peace Agreements

Agreement between the Government of the DRC and the Government of Rwanda

In the 2002 Agreement, the Parties agreed to put in place a mechanism for the normalisation of the security situation along their common border. The Agreement further provided for repatriation of ex-FAR and Interahamwe forces. In the Nairobi Communiqué, the Parties reiterated that the ex-FAR/Interahamwe constitute a major threat to peace and security of Rwanda,...

Peace Agreements

Agreements between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and RPF

The Parties agreed that under the N’sele Ceasefire all prisoners of war would be released and there would be a possibility to recover the remains of the dead. The Parties agreed to principles that would guide the negotiations, including the establishment of the rule of law, based on unity, democracy, pluralism and respect for human...

Peace Agreements

Agreements for Security, Stability and Development in the Great Lakes Region

These agreements together aim to promote sustainable peace and security in the Great Lakes region. The Preamble to the Pact on Security, Stability and Development reaffirms the “individual and collective determination to transform the Great Lakes Region into a space of durable peace and security, of political and social stability, and of economic growth and...

Regional Economic Communities Frameworks

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

The treaty establishing the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) states its aims and objectives to be attaining sustainable growth and development of the member states, promoting joint development in all fields of economic activity and the joint adoption of macro-economic policies and programmes to raise the standard of living of its peoples,...

Regional Economic Communities Frameworks

East African Community

The Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community (EAC) states its objectives to be developing policies and programmes aimed at widening and deepening cooperation among the partner states in the political, economic, social and cultural fields, research and technology, and defence, security and legal and judicial affairs, for their mutual benefit.

Peace Agreements

Memorandum of Understanding between Rwanda and Uganda

The Parties expressed their desire to achieve, maintain and promote peaceful coexistence and harmony. The Parties agreed to the establishment of a Joint Verification and Investigation Committee to be constituted by representatives of each Party’s Armed Forces, with the mandate to investigate alleged acts of aggression or hostilities both within and outside the territories of...

Truth Commissions

Rwanda

The National Unity and Reconciliation Commission of Rwanda was originally founded on 3 December 1999. The commission states that it was formed in response to the 1994 genocide and aimed to foster national unity and reconciliation following that period in Rwandan history. According to its founding legislation, the commission sought to establish systems that would...

Transitional Justice Processes

Rwanda

The antagonism between Hutu and Tutsi that led to the 1994 genocide has its roots in the colonial period. From seizing power in 1897, the German colonizers failed to acknowledge the particular meanings given to the categories of Hutu and Tutsi in precolonial society. In general, the term ‘Hutu’ was used to describe the followers...

Opinion

Thirty Years after the Rwanda Genocide: Lessons on the Need for Criminal Accountability

Lessons from the post-genocide Rwandan experiment and guidance from the 2019 AU Transitional Justice Policy show that criminal accountability is still an indispensable part of transitional justice, writes Usani Odum.