East Africa African Transitional Justice Hub

Ethiopia

Ethiopia’s socio-political and economic crises are rooted in patronage and historically antagonistic ethnic, religious, and political relations. In 1895, Italy invaded Ethiopia, ensuing the first Italo-Ethiopian War. On 1 March 1896, Ethiopia overcame the invasion and won the war at the Battle of Adowa.[1] On 23 October 1896, the two warring parties signed the Treaty...

Truth Commissions

Ethiopia

The Reconciliation Commission’s mandate states the necessity of the commission being established as an independent institution to inquire into and disclose the truth of the sources, causes and extent of conflicts in Ethiopia, and of it taking appropriate measures and providing recommendations for the lasting peace and prevention of future occurrence of such conflict. With...

Peace Agreements

Fashoda Peace Agreement

The Parties discussed the 1997 Peace Agreement and agreed that SPLM–United would be guaranteed full legality of status and participation in the political and constitutional processes in the Sudan during the interim period. The Parties agreed that they would both have the right to freely propagate their respective options in the referendum among the people....

Peace Agreements

Framework Agreement to Resolve the Conflict in Darfur between the Government of Sudan and JEM

The Parties agreed to general amnesty for all civil and military members of JEM and to release prisoners of war and convicted persons on both sides. The Parties agreed to participation of JEM in power at all levels of governance, the transformation of JEM into a political party, and integration of JEM forces into the...

Peace Agreements

Framework Agreement to Resolve the Conflict in Darfur between the Government of Sudan and LJM

The Parties agreed on General Principles including Sudan’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, political pluralism, a federal system with devolution of powers, fair and equitable sharing of power and wealth, the right of refugees and IDPs to return home, promotion of reconciliation and re-establishment of peaceful co-existence in Darfur, and prioritisation of the reconstruction and rehabilitation...

Peace Agreements

IGAD Declaration of Principles

The Parties to the Declaration agreed to principles that would constitute the basis for resolving the conflict in Sudan, including: a peaceful and just political solution; the rights of self-determination of the people of South Sudan to determine their future status through a referendum; full recognition and accommodation of diversities; complete political and social equalities...

Regional Economic Communities Frameworks

Intergovernmental Authority on Development

The agreement establishing the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) states that its aims and objectives include promoting joint development strategies and gradually harmonising macro-economic policies and programmes in the social, technological and scientific fields, as well as promoting peace and stability in the subregion and creating mechanisms within the subregion for the prevention, management and...

Peace Agreements

Joint Communiqué and Protocols of the Consultative Meeting of the Signatories of the Process for Ending the Transition

The Parties to the Joint Communiqué adopted four protocols: Protocol on the Technical Selection Committee; Protocol Establishing the Technical Facilitation Committee; Protocol Establishing the National Constituent Assembly; and Protocol Establishing a new Somali Federal Parliament. The Parties adopted the revised draft Provisional Constitution as the official draft. The Parties agreed that before the draft is...

Peace Agreements

Juba Declaration on Dialogue and National Consensus

The Parties to the Declaration noted the non-implementation of key provisions of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), including the conduct of free and fair general elections and the holding of referenda in Southern Sudan and Abyei. They called for its implementation. The Parties recognised the historical injustices against people across Sudan, particularly in Southern Sudan...

Opinion

Justice and Social Reconciliation Are Key to Political Reconciliation in Somalia

Lasting peace in Somalia requires addressing social grievances, healing past conflicts, and establishing a robust justice system, in addition to political reconciliation initiatives, writes Farhia Mohamud.