East Africa African Transitional Justice Hub

Areas of Agreement on the Establishment of the Transitional Government of National Unity in the Republic of South Sudan

The Parties agreed to establish a Transitional Government of National Unity for a period of 30 months, preceded by a thee-month pre-transitional period. The Parties agreed for the mandate of the Transitional Government to include inter alia, implementing the peace agreement and restoring peace, expediting the return and rehabilitation of refugees and IDPs, overseeing a...

Peace Agreements

Bilateral Agreement for the Development and Strengthening of Relations between Sudan and Chad

The Parties to the Bilateral Agreement agreed to normalise relations between Chad and Sudan and to develop and reinforce political, economic and social relations through the use of official and popular channels. The Parties agreed to support the political and security efforts of the African Union to ensure the reestablishment of stability in Darfur and...

Truth Commissions

Burundi

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Commission pour la Vérité et la Réconciliation) was mandated to establish the truth about serious violence committed during cyclical conflicts in Burundi since July 1962, the date of independence. According to its founding legislation, the objectives of the Commission included qualifying crimes other than crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity,...

Transitional Justice Processes

Burundi

Since its independence from Belgium in 1962, Burundi has struggled with ongoing interethnic conflicts and political instability. On 20 January 1959, King Mwami Mwambutsa IV of Burundi requested the country’s independence from Belgium and the dissolution of the Ruanda-Urundi union. The monarchy followed a Tutsi-aristocratic hierarchy of succession. Under the Belgian administration, it controlled the...

Truth Seeking and Sexual Violence

Burundi Truth and Reconciliation Commission (2014-present)

Interethnic conflicts were ongoing in Burundi from its independence from Belgium in 1962 until the signing of various peace agreements in 2008. This constant conflict was punctuated by sporadic but interconnected civil wars in 1965, 1972, 1988 and 1991, in addition to multiple coups (Ngaruko & Nkurunziza, 2005). The largest civil war, which lasted from...

Peace Agreements

Cairo Declaration on Somalia

The Parties agreed to convene a National Reconciliation Conference (NRC) in 1998, with the purpose to elect a Presidential Council and a Prime Minister and to adopt a Transitional Charter. They agreed that a joint security force will be established for this purpose. The Parties agreed on the number and constitution of the delegates to...

Peace Agreements

Central Regions State Formation Agreement (Mudug and Galgadug)

The Parties agreed to establish an inclusive regional administration for the Galgadud and Mudug regions, and to include the Somali clans that live together in Mudug and Galgadud regions in the formation of the administration. The administration that would be formed, while representing all the clans that reside in those two regions, would work in...

Peace Agreements

Cessation of Hostilities in Somalia

The Parties agreed to create federal governance structures for Somalia, embodied in a Charter or Constitution, which are inclusive, representative and accepted by all Parties. The Parties endorsed the principle of decentralisation, and agreed to ensure the rights, representation and protection of all Somali individuals and groups. The Parties agreed to use only peaceful means...

Truth Seeking and Sexual Violence

Commission of Inquiry into the Disappearances of People in Uganda since January 25, 1971 (1974-1975)

On 30 June 1974, President Idi Amin passed Presidential Legal Notice No. 2., the Commission of Inquiry Act (Charter, 1974), to establish the Commission of Inquiry into the Disappearances of People in Uganda since January 25, 1971. It was alleged that a number of Ugandan citizens had disappeared in Uganda after the military coup that...

Regional Economic Communities Frameworks

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

The treaty establishing the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) states its aims and objectives to be attaining sustainable growth and development of the member states, promoting joint development in all fields of economic activity and the joint adoption of macro-economic policies and programmes to raise the standard of living of its peoples,...