East Africa African Transitional Justice Hub

Kenya

After Kenya’s independence from Britain in 1963, Jomo Kenyatta became the first prime minister and later president of the country from 1963 until his death in 1978. Kenyatta’s administration was dominated by Kikuyus, his own ethnic group, who also dominated the military and public administration.

Truth Commissions

Kenya

The Kenyan Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (2008-2013) was mandated to investigate gross violations of human rights and economic rights and violations of international human rights law during the period of 1963 to 2008. According to the TJRC Bill, the commission’s objectives included establishing as complete a picture as possible of the causes, nature and...

Truth Seeking and Sexual Violence

Kenya Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (2008-2013)

The Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (TJRC) was established in the wake of the 2007-2008 post-election violence in Kenya, with the mandate to investigate gross violations of human rights and economic rights over the period of 1963 to 2008. The commission operated from 2008 to 2013, its investigations spanning the colonial era and the independence...

Peace Agreements

Kenyan National Dialogue and Reconciliation

In the February 2008 Agreement the Parties agreed to the Agenda for the National Dialogue as including: action to stop violence and restore fundamental rights and liberties, including restoring respect for the sanctity of life, and protection of freedom of expression, press freedom and right to assembly; measures to address the humanitarian crisis and promote...

Peace Agreements

Koka Dam Declaration

The Parties to the Declaration agreed on the prerequisites to foster an environment conducive to holding a National Constitutional Conference, including a declaration by all political forces and the government to discuss the Basic Problems of Sudan, and not the so-called problem of southern Sudan; the lifting of the state of emergency; adoption of the...

Transitional Justice Processes

Mauritius

The island nation of Mauritius has a history of colonialism and slavery, the tendrils of which are still present in modern Mauritian society. The uninhabited island was first claimed and unsuccessfully colonized by the Dutch between 1598 and 1710. The Dutch withdrew and France took control, until Mauritius was ceded to Britain under the Treaty...

Truth Seeking and Sexual Violence

Mauritius Truth and Justice Commission (2009-2011)

On 1 February 2009, the Mauritius Truth and Justice Commission (TJC) was established by then President Sir Anerood Jugnauth. Mandated to operate for two years, with the possibility of a six-month extension, the commission was tasked to conduct an inquiry into the legacy of slavery and indentured labour abuses and its impact on contemporary Mauritius....

Peace Agreements

Mekelle Memorandum of Understanding between NCP and SPLM on Post-Referendum Issues and Arrangements

The Parties agreed on the modalities for discussion of post-2011 referendum issues and arrangements for self-determination of Southern Sudan. The Parties agreed to establish a Joint Negotiations Team to lead the engagements. The issues to be discussed included citizenship, security, financial economic and natural resources, and international treaties and legal issues. The Parties agreed on...

Peace Agreements

Memorandum of Understanding between Rwanda and Uganda

The Parties expressed their desire to achieve, maintain and promote peaceful coexistence and harmony. The Parties agreed to the establishment of a Joint Verification and Investigation Committee to be constituted by representatives of each Party’s Armed Forces, with the mandate to investigate alleged acts of aggression or hostilities both within and outside the territories of...

Peace Agreements

Peace Agreement between the Uganda Government and UPDM

The Parties to the Peace Agreement agreed to establish and sustain a system of Government acceptable to and endorsed by the people of Uganda. The Parties agreed to establish a National Resistance Council as an Interim Government, with appropriate representation of UPDM, which within the term of the present government would resolve itself into a...