North Africa African Transitional Justice Hub

Accord and Peaceful Coexistence Document between the al-Qadhadhfa Tribe and the Awlad Sulayman Tribe

Tribal leaders and mediators in Sabha, Libya, brokered a reconciliation agreement between the Al-Qadhadhfa and Awlad Sulayman tribes, bringing an end to cycles of armed conflict. The Parties reaffirmed a previous ceasefire, committed to withdrawing from military positions, and agreed to hand over perpetrators of future crimes to mutually approved authorities, avoiding collective punishment.

Peace Agreements

Agreement between Libya and Chad Concerning the Practical Modalities for the Implementation of the Judgment Delivered by the ICJ on 3 February 1994

Libya and Chad signed an agreement to implement the International Court of Justice’s judgment affirming Chad’s sovereignty over the Aouzou Strip. The Parties agreed to withdraw Libyan forces by 30 May 1994 under joint Libyan-Chadian supervision and UN observation. They also launched joint mine clearance operations and committed to establishing secure border crossings, joint patrols,...

Peace Agreements

Agreement to Stop the Bloodshed and Open the Door to Dialogue in the Western Region

Parties in Libya’s Western Region agreed to a truce to stop violence and facilitate humanitarian access. They committed to cease all hostilities, withdraw to their respective areas, and open safe passages for aid. Both sides pledged to stop hostile media campaigns and avoid attacks or incursions into each other’s territories. They agreed to release detainees...

Transitional Justice Processes

Algeria

During Alegria’s war of independence against France (1954–1962), a number of revolutionary groups emerged, with the most prominent being the National Liberation Front (Front de Liberation Nationale, or FLN). As part of the agreement ending colonial occupation, the FLN banned political opposition, making Algeria a one-party state for 27 years.

Truth Commissions

Algeria

The Ad Hoc Inquiry Commission in Charge of the Question of Disappearances (2003-2005) was formed as a subsidiary organ within the National Consultative Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Algeria’s permanent human rights institution. According to the presidential decree laying out its mandate, the commission was invested with a specific mission and...

Regional Economic Communities Frameworks

Arab Maghreb Union

According to its founding treaty, the aims of the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) are strengthening the ties of brotherhood which link the member states and their peoples to one another, achieving progress and prosperity of their societies and defending their rights, contributing to the preservation of peace based on justice and equity, pursuing a common...

Peace Agreements

Ceasefire Agreement between Algeria and France

Chapter 1 of the Agreement deals with the transitional agreements, and provides inter alia for the organisation of elections, public and individual liberties to be restored within the shortest period, persons interned and in detention would be released and amnesty would be proclaimed immediately, refugees and internally displaced persons would be assisted in returning, and...

Peace Agreements

Consultation Meeting for the Libyan Political Dialogue (Hamammet Agreement)

Libya’s main political factions and tribal leaders convened in Hammamet, Tunisia, where they negotiated and approved the Consultation Meeting process, later known as the Hammamet Agreement. The Parties endorsed a roadmap supporting the UN-facilitated Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (LPDF) and agreed to form a unified executive authority. They approved selection mechanisms for a new Presidency...

Peace Agreements

Direct Talks between Western Sahara and Morocco

The Parties in responding to the Settlement Proposals agreed that the people of Western Sahara would choose freely and democratically between independence and integrating into Morocco, through a referendum. The Parties agreed that a Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary General would oversee the period between the ceasefire and the holding of a referendum...

Peace Agreements

Draft Constitutional Charter for the Transitional Stage

The Draft Constitutional Charter aimed to establish a political democratic regime to be based upon the political multitude and multi-party system with a view to achieving a peaceful and democratic circulation of power. The Charter indicated that all Libyans would be equal before the law, enjoy equal civil and political rights and the same opportunities,...