The State of Eritrea and the Republic of Djibouti agreed to resolve their border dispute peacefully through mediation led by the State of Qatar. Both governments formally authorised His Highness Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, Emir of Qatar, to issue a binding resolution, affirming their commitment to third-party arbitration and international legal standards. Qatar established...
CSVR | CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF VIOLENCE AND RECONCILIATION
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View AllThe Equity and Reconciliation Commission of Morocco (Instance Equité et Réconciliation) (2004-2009) was mandated to investigate the extent and nature of gross human rights committed from 1956 until 1999. The commission was charged with investigating allegations of unresolved forced disappearances and to investigate state actors and other parties that may have been involved in those disappearances. Its founding legislation also states that the commission would compensate for both material and moral damages that victims sustained. Compensation included both monetary compensation and psychological and medical rehabilitation for victims. The commission produced a final report on its findings.
The Truth and Justice Commission of Mauritius (2009-2011) was created through the Truth and Justice Act in 2008. According to its founding legislation, the commission was tasked with gathering information about the effects of slavery and indentured servitude in the country from the colonial period until the creation of the commission. The commission sought to determine appropriate reparations for the decedents of those directly impacted by slavery or indentured servitude. It was also given the responsibility of investigating complaints made by citizens regarding any piece of land in which they claimed to have an interest. Finally, the commission was to present a final report on all its findings to the president of Mauritius, which it did in 2011.
The Truth Justice and Reconciliation Commission was mandated to investigate all gross human rights violations committed in Mali between 1960 and 2013. It began holding public hearings in 2019.
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Liberia (2005-2009) was tasked with investigating whether the gross human rights violations and international human rights violations that occurred from January 1979 to October 2003 were isolated incidents or part of a larger, systemic issue. The commission’s mandate was to provide a forum for all parties to share their experiences and further investigate the disclosed incidents. It was also charged with critically reviewing the history of Liberia to rectify false information and misconceptions, particularly regarding socioeconomic and political developments. The mandate specifically included an objective to address vulnerable groups, including women and children, and how they had been impacted by the violence. The commission was tasked with producing a comprehensive report of its findings in order to promote healing and reconciliation, which it presented in 2009.
The Kenyan Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (2008-2013) was mandated to investigate gross violations of human rights and economic rights and violations of international human rights law during the period of 1963 to 2008. According to the TJRC Bill, the commission’s objectives included establishing as complete a picture as possible of the causes, nature and extent of violations of human rights and economic rights inflicted by the state, public institutions, public officials and non-state actors; investigating economic crimes; inquiring into acts of state repression, causes of political violence and causes of ethnic tension; facilitating the granting of amnesty to persons who made full disclosure of relevant facts relating to violations; and compiling a report on the activities and findings of the commission with recommendations on measures to prevent further occurrence of such violations.
Ghana’s National Reconciliation Commission (2002-2004) was mandated to investigate violations and abuses of human rights during the periods of what was termed ‘unconstitutional government’ from 1966 to 1969, 1972 to 1979, and 1981 to 1993. According to its founding legislation, the objectives and functions of the commission included establishing an accurate, complete and historical record of human rights abuses inflicted on persons by public institutions and holders of public office during the specified periods; investigating the context, causes and circumstances of such violations; identifying the actors responsible or involved; identifying victims of violations and abuses; educating the public and giving sufficient publicity to its work to encourage positive public contributions in achieving the commission’s major objective to promote national reconciliation among the people of Ghana; and submitting a report to the president on the commission’s findings and recommendations for redress, reform and measures to prevent the repetition of violations and abuses.
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View AllAccording to its founding treaty, the objectives of the Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) are the preservation and consolidation of peace, security and stability in the CEN-SAD zone; promotion of political dialogue and the fight against cross-border crime and its related scourges such as trafficking in drugs, arms and human beings, money-laundering and terrorism; combating desertification, drought and climate change through the preservation of natural resources and research in the field of renewable energies; economic, commercial, scientific and socio-cultural cooperation; infrastructure development; and the promotion of the free movement of persons, goods and services.
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The Nigerian Human Rights Violations Investigation Commission – later named the Judicial Commission for the Investigation of Human Rights Violations, and commonly known as the Oputa Panel after its head Chukwudifu Oputa – was inaugurated on 14 June 1999 by then President Olusegun Obasanjo and operated until 2001. The commission was mandated to investigate the...
In 1999, following the death of Moroccan President King Hassan II, his successor Mohammed VI created the Independent Arbitration Commission (IAC) as a mechanism for reparations to compensate victims/survivors of past political abuses, specific to arbitrary detention and forced disappearances. However, the IAC was largely criticised by victims/survivors and their relatives for not fully committing...
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Truth Seeking and Sexual Violence
Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (2005-2009)
Sinqobile Makhathini
On 18 April 2003, former President and leader of the National Patriotic Front (NPF) of Liberia Charles Taylor and two rebel groups – Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) and the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL) – signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). This agreement signalled the end of a 14-year conflict that...