Agreement for Lasting Peace through the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities Between the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front

Ethiopia, East Africa

Parties: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia; Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF)

Type: Intra-state

With the Agreement for Lasting Peace through the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities, the parties committed to an immediate and permanent end to hostilities, the restoration of constitutional order in Tigray, the disarmament and reintegration of TPLF combatants, and the protection of civilians and human rights. The agreement guarantees unhindered humanitarian access, the return and reintegration of displaced persons, and the restoration of essential services. It also mandates the reestablishment of federal authority in Tigray and ensures Tigray’s meaningful inclusion in federal institutions, addressing longstanding political marginalisation. To support implementation, the parties established mechanisms for monitoring, verification, and compliance. The agreement further outlined transitional measures, including the creation of an inclusive interim administration, the development of a national transitional justice policy, and frameworks for resolving political differences and ensuring accountability.

With the Declaration on the Modalities for the Implementation of the Agreement for Lasting Peace through a Permanent Cessation of Hostilities, that parties again committed to halting all military actions. They agreed to a phased disarmament process for Tigray armed combatants, including orientation, disengagement, and the handover of heavy and light weapons. The declaration reaffirmed the federal government’s authority and responsibility to protect civilians and restore essential services. It also guaranteed unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid and established joint monitoring and verification mechanisms under the oversight of the African Union. Additionally, the declaration called for the responsible use of media to support peace implementation. A joint committee, with international mediators as witnesses, would oversee the execution of all measures.