Peace Agreements between Eritrea and Ethiopia

Ethiopia, Eritrea, East Africa

Parties: State of Eritrea; Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Type: Inter-state

The Agreement on the Implementation of the OAU Framework provided for the cessation of all attacks and respect for international humanitarian law. The Parties agreed to undertake necessary demining activities, restore civilian government and facilitate human rights monitoring. Grievance resolution mechanisms would be established by the United Nations peacekeeping mission. The investigation into the origins of the conflict would be carried out by an independent and impartial body to be established by the Organisation for African Unity, with its report being submitted to the OAU Chair. For purposes of arbitration, a Boundary Commission would be established by the UN. The Parties committed to addressing all humanitarian concerns resulting from the conflict, particularly the issue of deported or displaced persons and the socio-economic consequences of the conflict.

The 2000 Agreement between the Parties provided for cessation of hostilities and the release and repatriation of all prisoners of war. The Parties agreed to comply with all other principles of international humanitarian law. The Parties reiterated that the investigation into the origins of the conflict would be carried out by an independent and impartial body established by the OAU. The Parties agreed to the establishment of a Boundary Commission with representatives from both states. The Parties further agreed to establish a Claims Commission to decide through binding arbitration all claims for loss, damage or injury by one Government against the other, and by nationals of one party against the Government of the other party related to the conflict and breaches of international law.

With the Joint Declaration, the Parties declared the state of war between Ethiopia and Eritrea to be at an end. They agreed to forge close political, economic, social, cultural and security cooperation, and resume transport, trade and communications links as well as diplomatic ties and activities. They agreed that the decision on the boundary between the two countries will be implemented, and that both countries would jointly endeavor to ensure regional peace, development and cooperation.

The 2018 Agreement stated that the war between the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the State of Eritrea had ended and that the two parties agreed to cooperate going forward.