The Parties agreed to terms regarding the final cessation of violence and normalisation of the relationships between the two organisations, with the goal of establishing terms for a united, non-racial and democratic South Africa. Agreed upon terms included: an end to political violence, a commitment to political tolerance and freedom of political activity, encouraging the...
CSVR | CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF VIOLENCE AND RECONCILIATION
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View AllSince achieving its independence from Britain on 9 October 1962, Uganda has had a tempestuous political history marked by civil wars, dictatorship, electoral authoritarianism, ethnic tension and military incursion. Arguably, it was the British colonial administration that provided fertile ground for political instability in Uganda through its divide and rule policy, a weak state apparatus and elite polarisation, among other factors.The British mostly favoured ethnic groups in the south of the country, such as the Baganda, while side-lining those in the north, such as the Acholi.
The Parties to the MoU agreed to commit themselves to a dialogue with each other with a view to creating a genuine, viable, permanent and sustainable solution to the Zimbabwean situation.
The Parties to the Agreement agreed 1) to accept the authority of the Governor; 2) to abide by the Independence Constitution; 3) to comply with the pre-independence arrangements; 4) to abide by the ceasefire agreement; 5) to campaign peacefully and without intimidation; 6) to renounce the use of force for political ends; and 7) to accept the outcome of the elections and instruct any forces under their authority to do the same.
The Parties to the Manhasset I Agreement agreed to enter into negotiations, without preconditions, in good faith, taking into account the developments of the previous months, with a view to achieving a just, lasting and mutually acceptable political solution that would provide for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara.
The Parties in responding to the Settlement Proposals agreed that the people of Western Sahara would choose freely and democratically between independence and integrating into Morocco, through a referendum. The Parties agreed that a Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary General would oversee the period between the ceasefire and the holding of a referendum by Western Sahara, and may take any action to ensure the freedom of movement and security of the population and ensure the impartiality of the referendum. The Parties agreed to ensure that members of the Frente Polisario who are outside the Territory are able to return to Western Sahara and participate freely in the referendum. The Parties agreed that all adult Saharans counted in the 1974 census, as reviewed and updated, would be able to take part in the referendum and that a census would be undertaken of Saharan refugees, undertaken by an Identification Commission set up by the United Nations in consultation with the Organisation for African Unity. Conditions were set out to ensure that the referendum is free and equitable. Representatives of the two Parties would be invited to observe the organisation and conduct of the referendum. The Parties agreed to accept and abide by the outcome of the referendum. The Parties agreed to the proclamation of an amnesty and release of all political prisoners, and the Parties agreed to the return of refugees.
The Parties to the Agreement on Comprehensive Solutions agreed on directive principles to guide the implementation of the Agreement, including active participation of citizens in their own governance at all levels, a government broadly representative of the national character, gender and social diversity, balanced development with special measures for least developed areas, affirmative action for marginalised groups and leaders to use unifying language.
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View AllThe Tunisian Truth and Dignity Commission (Instance Vérité et Dignité) (2013-2019) was mandated to investigate human rights violations committed from 1955 to 2013. The mandate specifically tasked the commission with investigating human rights violations that targeted women, children, the elderly, those with special needs and other vulnerable groups.
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The Gambian National Assembly passed the Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Act on 13 December 2017 and the Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC) was established on 13 January 2018. The commission was mandated to investigate and establish an impartial historical record of the human rights violations committed from July 1994 to January 2017 under former...
The Republic of South Sudan declared independence from the Republic of the Sudan in 2011. Prior to its independence, South Sudan fought two wars against the Khartoum government in Sudan from 1955 to 1972 and from 1983 to 2005, which resulted in the deaths of at least 1.5 million and the displacement of over four...
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) experienced political instability, armed conflict and humanitarian crises from its independence from Belgian colonial rule in 1960 to its political transition in 2006. Political power struggles and coups d’état resulted in periods of conflict escalation known as the Congo Wars, occurring in 1996 and again in 1998 (Lwanzo...