CSVR | CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF VIOLENCE AND RECONCILIATION

Author : Lesego Sekhu

On 22 September 1960, Mali, formerly French Sudan, declared independence from France with Modibo Keïta as its first president. Since then, the country has experienced ongoing political unrest and armed conflict. In November 1968, Lieutenant Moussa Traoré led a coup that overthrew Keïta, later establishing a military dictatorship under a single political party, the Democratic...
Representatives from the Zintan and Zuwara signed a binding agreement in Zuwara to end hostilities and promote peaceful coexistence. The parties pledged to stop identity-based arrests, secure sovereign roads within their borders, and guarantee safe civilian movement. They agreed to end hostile media campaigns, hold their members accountable for violations, and share intelligence to prevent...
The Tebu and Zway tribes signed a reconciliation charter to end violent conflict in Kufra. Facilitated by tribal elders and local mediators, the agreement committed both parties to cease hostilities, enable displaced persons to return, and ensure the free movement of people and goods. The charter emphasised individual accountability for crimes, lifted tribal protection for...
Under the auspices of Libya’s Government of National Accord and with Tuareg tribal witnesses, the Tebu and Awlad Sulayman tribes signed a reconciliation agreement in Rome to end violent conflict and restore social cohesion. Both sides committed to reconciliation, reparations for victims, lifting social protections for perpetrators, and prosecuting individuals who violate the peace. The...
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