Following Kenya’s independence from Britain in 1963, the country was governed as a one-party state under the regimes of President Jomo Kenyatta and his successor President Daniel arap Moi. In the early 1990s, President Moi relented to demands to return to a multiparty system. He remained in power following two close elections in 1992 and...

Since 1991, following the ousting of Somalia’s socialist authoritarian leader Siad Barre, the country has been in a persistent state of conflict. Despite international and local efforts to restore stability, numerous attempts to establish a centralized government have not met with full success. Throughout the conflict, Somalis have suffered human rights abuses at the hands...

Mozambique experienced protracted conflict during its fight for independence from Portugal, which occurred in 1975. This was soon followed by a civil war that lasted from 1976 to 1992. The primary combatants were the Liberation Front of Mozambique (Frelimo) and the Mozambican National Resistance (Renamo), both of which committed serious human rights abuses during the...