Morocco African Transitional Justice Hub

Regional Economic Communities Frameworks

Arab Maghreb Union

According to its founding treaty, the aims of the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) are strengthening the ties of brotherhood which link the member states and their peoples to one another, achieving progress and prosperity of their societies and defending their rights, contributing to the preservation of peace based on justice and equity, pursuing a common...

Regional Economic Communities Frameworks

Community of Sahel-Saharan States

According to its founding treaty, the objectives of the Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) are the preservation and consolidation of peace, security and stability in the CEN-SAD zone; promotion of political dialogue and the fight against cross-border crime and its related scourges such as trafficking in drugs, arms and human beings, money-laundering and terrorism; combating...

Peace Agreements

Direct Talks between Western Sahara and Morocco

The Parties in responding to the Settlement Proposals agreed that the people of Western Sahara would choose freely and democratically between independence and integrating into Morocco, through a referendum. The Parties agreed that a Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary General would oversee the period between the ceasefire and the holding of a referendum...

Transitional Justice Processes

Morocco

Morocco is a racially and linguistically diverse country with a history of political upheaval rooted in early colonial occupation. Arabs and Imazighen (Berber) make up the largest percentage of the population, while other groups include descendants of Spanish refugees who fled the Reconquista and of Sub-Saharan African slaves. The country’s status as a French protectorate...

Truth Commissions

Morocco

The Equity and Reconciliation Commission of Morocco (Instance Equité et Réconciliation) (2004-2009) was mandated to investigate the extent and nature of gross human rights committed from 1956 until 1999. The commission was charged with investigating allegations of unresolved forced disappearances and to investigate state actors and other parties that may have been involved in those...

Truth Seeking and Sexual Violence

Morocco Equity and Reconciliation Commission (2004-2005)

In 1999, following the death of Moroccan President King Hassan II, his successor Mohammed VI created the Independent Arbitration Commission (IAC) as a mechanism for reparations to compensate victims/survivors of past political abuses, specific to arbitrary detention and forced disappearances. However, the IAC was largely criticised by victims/survivors and their relatives for not fully committing...

Peace Agreements

Talks Mediated by the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara

The Parties to the Manhasset I Agreement agreed to enter into negotiations, without preconditions, in good faith, taking into account the developments of the previous months, with a view to achieving a just, lasting and mutually acceptable political solution that would provide for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara.