Covering the period from decolonisation to 2020, this database provides an overview of peace agreements in Africa that contain components related to transitional justice.
As defined by the African Union Transitional Justice Policy (AUTJP), transitional justice encompasses “the various (formal and traditional or non-formal) policy measures and institutional mechanisms that societies, through an inclusive consultative process, adopt in order to overcome past violations, divisions and inequalities and to create conditions for both security and democratic and socio-economic transformation.” This database includes truth-seeking mechanisms, accountability mechanisms following on conflict or crisis periods, and political and institutional reforms. It also includes traditional justice, reparations, socioeconomic measures and recognition and restoration of the human rights of affected and vulnerable communities.
Peace processes are an indicative element of transitional justice. According to the AUTJP, they are “concerned with bringing an end to any ongoing violence and removing the threats of further violence impacting the affected population.” Peace negotiations and agreements ideally incorporate transitional justice considerations from the outset so as to positively influence the resolution of all dimensions of the conflict. This database focuses on peace agreements involving African states and national-level political players. Peace agreements at the subnational level and among non-state actors are not included, nor are agreements that relate only to ceasefires and their implementation or humanitarian aid.
Agreement between the Federal Government of Somalia and Jubba Delegation
The Parties agreed on an interim administration in Jubba, consisting of an Executive Council and a Regional Assembly, for a period of no more than two years, during which a permanent federal member state would be established. The Parties agreed that the Federal Government would have the responsibility to ensure inclusivity. The Parties agreed that the Regional Assembly would be ...
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Agreement between the Federal Government of Somalia and Puntland State of Somalia
The Parties agreed that the completion and implementation of the federal constitution would be done according to Chapter 15 of the Provisional Federal Constitution, and that the formation of Federal Member States would be in accordance with the Federal Constitution. The Parties agreed to the building of an inclusive, balanced and integrated national army that is recruited from all regions ...
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Agreement between the President of the Somali Republic and the Speaker of the Transitional Federal Parliament
The Parties agreed that interactive coordination among the organs of the state should be based fully on the total respect of the principles and norms of the Transitional Federal Charter, in a manner characterised by constant consultations and respect to the constitutional separation of powers. The Parties agreed that the Transitional Federal Parliament should be called upon for an official ...
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Agreement between the President of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia and the Speaker of the Transitional Federal Parliament of Somalia
The Parties to the Kampala Accord recognised the Transitional Federal Charter as the basis of legitimacy of all Transitional Federal Institutions. The Parties agreed to defer the election of the President and the Speaker and his/her deputies by 12 months in order to adequately prepare and complete priority transitional tasks. The Parties agreed that within 30 days of the signing ...
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Agreement between the Somali Transitional Electoral Government and the Alliance for the Re-liberalisation of Somalia
The Parties commended the determination of the Somali people in encouraging sustainable peace and committed to redoubling efforts to this end. The Parties agreed to possibly establish a Commission of Inquiry and an international court to address violations of human rights and international law, as well as impunity ...
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Agreement between the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia and the Puntland Regional State of Somalia
The Parties agreed to strengthen the unity and sovereignty of the Somali State. The Transitional Federal Government recognised Puntland as part of the Somali Republic, with a functioning administration and as spearheading the federal system of administration in Somalia. The Parties further agreed to speed up the drafting of the Federal Constitution and to nominate a Committee to conduct a ...
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Agreement: An Inclusive Interim Administration for the South West Regions of Somalia (Bay, Bakol and Lower Shabelle)
The Parties agreed to establish a unified administration for South West Somalia. The Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) would ensure fair representation of all constituencies in the Interim South West Administration. The FGS would also ensure that the state-building process will be conducted through peaceful means, and would consult with community elders and other local stakeholders to ensure that issues ...
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Agreements between the Somali Government and the Islamic Courts Union
The Parties to the June 2006 Communique agreed to recognise the legitimacy of the current Somali Transitional Government and the Islamic Courts Union. The Parties further agreed to continue dialogue and talks without preconditions in a framework of mutual recognition, bring war criminals to justice, cease military and media campaigns, place dialogue on pending security and political issues on the ...
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Agreements between the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia and ASWJ
The Parties to the Declaration of Cooperation agreed, in the spirit of the Djibouti Agreement on peace and reconciliation among Somalis, to enter into full cooperation on the political, security, humanitarian and development areas affecting the country. The Parties to the March 2010 Agreement expressed their determination to pool their resources to eradicate extremism and terrorism. The Parties recognised the ...
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Cairo Declaration on Somalia
The Parties agreed to convene a National Reconciliation Conference (NRC) in 1998, with the purpose to elect a Presidential Council and a Prime Minister and to adopt a Transitional Charter. They agreed that a joint security force will be established for this purpose. The Parties agreed on the number and constitution of the delegates to attend the NRC, including that ...
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Central Regions State Formation Agreement (Mudug and Galgadug)
The Parties agreed to establish an inclusive regional administration for the Galgadud and Mudug regions, and to include the Somali clans that live together in Mudug and Galgadud regions in the formation of the administration. The administration that would be formed, while representing all the clans that reside in those two regions, would work in unity to fight against insurgents ...
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Cessation of Hostilities in Somalia
The Parties agreed to create federal governance structures for Somalia, embodied in a Charter or Constitution, which are inclusive, representative and accepted by all Parties. The Parties endorsed the principle of decentralisation, and agreed to ensure the rights, representation and protection of all Somali individuals and groups. The Parties agreed to use only peaceful means of conflict resolution. The Parties ...
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End of the Transition Roadmap
The Parties to the Roadmap identified four priority areas to ending the Transition, namely Security, Constitution, Reconciliation and Good Governance. The Parties identified the principles for the implementation of the areas, including Somali ownership, inclusivity and participation, resources and monitoring and compliance. The Parties agreed to establish a Technical Committee to facilitate cooperation and coordination to implement the roadmap. The ...
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Joint Communiqué and Protocols of the Consultative Meeting of the Signatories of the Process for Ending the Transition
The Parties to the Joint Communiqué adopted four protocols: Protocol on the Technical Selection Committee; Protocol Establishing the Technical Facilitation Committee; Protocol Establishing the National Constituent Assembly; and Protocol Establishing a new Somali Federal Parliament. The Parties adopted the revised draft Provisional Constitution as the official draft. The Parties agreed that before the draft is handed over to the National ...
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Somalia Peace Agreements
The Parties to the General Agreement agreed to the convening of a National Reconciliation Conference, the establishment of further mechanisms for the continuation of free dialogue amongst all political factions and leaders in preparation of the Conference, the immediate cessation of all hostile propaganda against each other and the creation of an atmosphere conducive to reconciliation and peace. The Parties ...
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Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic
The Parties adopted and enacted the Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic as the supreme law binding all authorities and persons. The Charter would be interpreted in a manner that promotes national reconciliation, unity and democratic values and the values of good governance and advances human dignity, integrity, rights and fundamental freedoms, and the Rule of Law. The Charter ...
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